Michigan Telemarketing Fraud
Mich. Comp. Laws § 445.111 – § 445.117, § 445.903, § 750.540e(f)
Michigan Compiled Laws
Chapter 445 - Trade and Commerce
Act 227 of 1971 - Home Solicitation Sales (445.111 - 445.117)
AN ACT to prescribe the rights and duties of parties to home solicitation sales; to regulate certain telephone solicitation; to provide for the powers and duties of certain state officers and entities; and to prescribe penalties and remedies.
History: 1971, Act 227, Imd. Eff. Jan. 3, 1972 ;-- Am. 2002, Act 612, Eff. Mar. 31, 2003
Section 445.111 Section Definitions.
Section 445.111a Section Telephonic solicitation using recorded message prohibited; establishment of state do-not-call list.
Section 445.111b Section Information to be provided by person making telephone solicitation; interference with caller ID function prohibited.
Section 445.111c Section Unfair or deceptive act or practice; violation; penalty; damages.
Section 445.111d Section Do-not-call list; notice of description and enrollment; “telecommunication provider” defined.
Section 445.111e Section Applicability of MCL 445.111a, 445.111b, 445.111c, and 445.111d.
Section 445.112 Section Right of buyer to cancel home solicitation sale; time; notice of cancellation; restriction on right to cancel; sale subject to debtor's right to rescind.
Section 445.113 Section Written agreement or offer to purchase; contents; form; cancellation; exceptions; conditions.
Section 445.114 Section Tender of payments or goods to buyer; failure to tender goods; effect of noncompliance.
Section 445.115 Section Demand by seller for return of goods; care and availability of goods; effect of failure to demand return of goods; compensation for services performed.
Section 445.116 Section Refunds or penalties as set off or defense.
Section 445.117 Section Action for collection of home solicitation sale contract.
445.111 Definitions.
Sec. 1.
As used in this act:
(a) "Home solicitation sale" means a sale of goods or services of more than $25.00 in which the seller or a person acting for the seller engages in a personal, telephonic, or written solicitation of the sale, the solicitation is received by the buyer at a residence of the buyer, and the buyer's agreement or offer to purchase is there given to the seller or a person acting for the seller. Home solicitation sale does not include any of the following:
(i) A sale made pursuant to a preexisting revolving charge account.
(ii) A sale made pursuant to prior negotiations between the parties at a business establishment at a fixed location where goods or services are offered or exhibited for sale.
(iii) A sale or solicitation of insurance by an insurance agent licensed by the commissioner of insurance.
(iv) A sale made at a fixed location of a business establishment where goods or services are offered or exhibited for sale.
(v) A sale made pursuant to a printed advertisement in a publication of general circulation.
(vi) A sale of services by a real estate broker or salesperson licensed by the department of consumer and industry services.
(vii) A sale of agricultural or horticultural equipment and machinery that is demonstrated to the consumer by the vendor at the request of either or both of the parties.
(b) "Fixed location" means a place of business where the seller or an agent, servant, employee, or solicitor of that seller primarily engages in the sale of goods or services of the same kind as would be sold at the residence of a buyer.
(c) "Business day" means Monday through Friday and does not include Saturday, Sunday, or the following business holidays: New Year's day, Martin Luther King's birthday, Washington's birthday, Memorial day, Independence day, Labor day, Columbus day, Veterans' day, Thanksgiving day, and Christmas day.
(d) "Federally insured depository institution" means a state or national bank, state or federal savings bank, state or federal savings and loan association, or state or federal credit union that holds deposits insured by an agency of the United States.
(e) As used in only the definition of home solicitation sales, "goods or services" does not include any of the following:
(i) A loan, deposit account, or trust account lawfully offered or provided by a federally insured depository institution or a subsidiary or affiliate of a federally insured depository institution.
(ii) An extension of credit that is subject to any of the following acts:
(A) The mortgage brokers, lenders, and servicers licensing act, 1987 PA 173, MCL 445.1651 to 445.1684.
(B) The secondary mortgage loan act, 1981 PA 125, MCL 493.51 to 493.81.
(C) The regulatory loan act, 1939 PA 21, MCL 493.1 to 493.24.
(D) The consumer financial services act, 1988 PA 161, MCL 487.2051 to 487.2072.
(E) 1984 PA 379, MCL 493.101 to 493.114.
(F) The motor vehicle sales finance act, 1950 (Ex Sess) PA 27, MCL 492.101 to 492.141.
(iii) A sale of a security or interest in a security that is subject to the uniform securities act, 1964 PA 265, MCL 451.501 to 451.818, or the uniform securities act (2002), 2008 PA 551, MCL 451.2101 to 451.2703.
(f) "Written solicitation" means a postcard or other written notice delivered to a buyer's residence that requests that the buyer contact the seller or seller's agent by telephone to inquire about a good or service, unless the postcard or other written notice concerns a previous purchase or order or specifies the price of the good or service and accurately describes the good or service.
(g) "ADAD" or "automatic dialing and announcing device" means any device or system of devices that is used, whether alone or in conjunction with other equipment, for the purpose of automatically selecting or dialing telephone numbers.
(h) "Commission" means the public service commission.
(i) "Do-not-call list" means a do-not-call list of consumers and their residential telephone numbers maintained by the commission, by a vendor designated by the commission, or by an agency of the federal government, under section 1a.
(j) "Existing customer" means an individual who has purchased goods or services from a person, who is the recipient of a voice communication from that person, and who either paid for the goods or services within the 12 months preceding the voice communication or has not paid for the goods and services at the time of the voice communication because of a prior agreement between the person and the individual.
(k) "Person" means an individual, partnership, corporation, limited liability company, association, governmental entity, or other legal entity.
(l) "Residential telephone subscriber" or "subscriber" means a person residing in this state who has residential telephone service.
(m) "Telephone solicitation" means any voice communication over a telephone for the purpose of encouraging the recipient of the call to purchase, rent, or invest in goods or services during that telephone call. Telephone solicitation does not include any of the following:
(i) A voice communication to a residential telephone subscriber with that subscriber's express invitation or permission prior to the voice communication.
(ii) A voice communication to an existing customer of the person on whose behalf the voice communication is made, unless the existing customer is a consumer who has requested that he or she not receive calls from or on behalf of that person under section 1c(1)(g).
(iii) A voice communication to a residential telephone subscriber in which the caller requests a face-to-face meeting with the residential telephone subscriber to discuss a purchase, sale, or rental of, or investment in, goods or services but does not urge the residential telephone subscriber to make a decision to purchase, sell, rent, invest, or make a deposit on that good or service during the voice communication.
(n) "Telephone solicitor" means any person doing business in this state who makes or causes to be made a telephone solicitation from within or outside of this state, including, but not limited to, calls made by use of automated dialing and announcing devices or by a live person.
(o) "Vendor" means a person designated by the commission to maintain a do-not-call list under section 1a. The term may include a governmental entity.
History: 1971, Act 227, Imd. Eff. Jan. 3, 1972 ;-- Am. 1978, Act 152, Imd. Eff. May 18, 1978 ;-- Am. 1980, Act 108, Imd. Eff. May 10, 1980 ;-- Am. 1998, Act 126, Imd. Eff. June 10, 1998 ;-- Am. 1999, Act 18, Imd. Eff. Apr. 28, 1999 ;-- Am. 2002, Act 612, Eff. Mar. 31, 2003 ;-- Am. 2009, Act 93, Imd. Eff. Sept. 24, 2009
445.111a Telephonic solicitation using recorded message prohibited; establishment of state do-not-call list.
Sec. 1a.
(1) A home solicitation sale shall not be made by telephonic solicitation using in whole or in part a recorded message. A person shall not make a telephone solicitation that consists in whole or in part of a recorded message.
(2) Within 120 days after the effective date of the amendatory act that added this subsection, the commission shall do 1 of the following:
(a) Establish a state do-not-call list. All of the following apply if the commission establishes a do-not-call list under this subdivision:
(i) The commission shall publish the do-not-call list quarterly for use by telephone solicitors.
(ii) The do-not-call list fund is created in the state treasury. Money received from fees under subparagraph (iii) shall be credited to the fund. The state treasurer shall direct the investment of the fund. The state treasurer shall credit to the fund interest and earnings from fund investments. Money remaining in the fund at the end of a fiscal year shall be carried over in the fund to the next and succeeding fiscal years. Money in the fund may be appropriated to the commission to cover the costs of administering the do-not-call list, but may not be appropriated to compensate or reimburse a vendor designated under subdivision (b) to maintain a do-not-call list under that subdivision.
(iii) The commission shall establish and collect 1 or both of the following fees to cover the costs to the commission for administering the do-not-call list:
(A) Fees charged to telephone solicitors for access to the do-not-call list.
(B) Fees charged to residential telephone subscribers for inclusion on the do-not-call list. The commission shall not charge a residential telephone subscriber a fee of more than $5.00 for a 3-year period.
(iv) The commission shall maintain the do-not-call list for at least 1 year. After 1 year, the commission may at any time elect to designate a vendor to maintain a do-not-call list under subdivision (b), in which case subdivision (b) shall apply.
(b) Designate a vendor to maintain a do-not-call list. All of the following apply to a vendor designated to maintain a do-not-call list under this subdivision:
(i) The commission shall establish a procedure or follow existing procedure for the submission of bids by vendors to maintain a do-not-call list under this subdivision.
(ii) The commission shall establish a procedure or follow existing procedure for the selection of the vendor to maintain the do-not-call list. In selecting the vendor, the commission shall consider at least all of the following factors:
(A) The cost of obtaining and the accessibility and frequency of publication of the do-not-call list to telephone solicitors.
(B) The cost and ease of registration on the do-not-call list to consumers who are seeking inclusion on the do-not-call list.
(iii) The commission may review its designation and make a different designation under this subdivision if the commission determines that another person would be better than the designated vendor in meeting the selection factors established under subparagraph (ii) or if the designated vendor engages in activities the commission considers contrary to the public interest.
(iv) If the commission does not establish a state do-not-call list under subdivision (a), the commission shall comply with the designation requirements of this subdivision for at least 1 year. After 1 year, the commission may at any time elect to establish and maintain a do-not-call list under subdivision (a), in which case subdivision (a) shall apply.
(v) Unless the vendor is a governmental entity, a vendor designated by the commission under this subdivision is not a governmental agency and is not an agent of the commission in maintaining a do-not-call list.
(vi) The commission and a vendor designated under this subdivision shall execute a written contract. The contract shall include the vendor's agreement to the requirements of this section and any additional requirements established by the commission.
(vii) The commission shall not use state funds to compensate or reimburse a vendor designated under this subdivision. The vendor may receive compensation or reimbursement for maintaining a designated do-not-call list under this subdivision only from 1 or both of the following:
(A) Fees charged by the vendor to telephone solicitors for access to the do-not-call list.
(B) Fees charged by the vendor to residential telephone subscribers for inclusion on the do-not-call list. A designated vendor shall not charge a residential telephone subscriber a fee of more than $5.00 for a 3-year period.
(viii) The designee do-not-call list fund is created in the state treasury. If the vendor is a department or agency of this state, money received from fees under subparagraph (vii) by that vendor shall be credited to the fund. The state treasurer shall direct the investment of the fund. The state treasurer shall credit to the fund interest and earnings from fund investments. Money remaining in the fund at the end of a fiscal year shall be carried over in the fund to the next and succeeding fiscal years. Money in the fund may be appropriated to that vendor to cover the costs of administering the do-not-call list.
(3) In determining whether to establish a state do-not-call list under subsection (2)(a) or designate a vendor under subsection (2)(b), and in designating a vendor under subsection (2)(b), the commission shall consider comments submitted to the commission from consumers, telephone solicitors, or any other person.
(4) Beginning 90 days after the commission establishes a do-not-call list under subsection (2)(a) or designates a vendor to maintain a do-not-call list under subsection (2)(b), a telephone solicitor shall not make a telephone solicitation to a residential telephone subscriber whose name and residential telephone number is on the then-current version of that do-not-call list.
(5) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, if an agency of the federal government establishes a federal do-not-call list, within 120 days after the establishment of the federal do-not-call list, the commission shall designate the federal list as the state do-not-call list. The federal list shall remain the state do-not-call list as long as the federal list is maintained. A telephone solicitor shall not make a telephone solicitation to a residential telephone subscriber whose name and residential telephone number is on the then-current version of the federal list.
(6) A telephone solicitor shall not use a do-not-call list for any purpose other than meeting the requirements of subsection (4) or (5).
(7) The commission or a vendor shall not sell or transfer the do-not-call list to any person for any purpose unrelated to this section.
History: Add. 1978, Act 152, Imd. Eff. May 18, 1978 ;-- Am. 2002, Act 612, Eff. Mar. 31, 2003
445.111b Information to be provided by person making telephone solicitation; interference with caller ID function prohibited.
Sec. 1b.
(1) At the beginning of a telephone solicitation, a person making a telephone solicitation to a residential telephone subscriber shall state his or her name and the full name of the organization or other person on whose behalf the call was initiated and provide a telephone number of the organization or other person on request. A natural person must be available to answer the telephone number at any time when telephone solicitations are being made.
(2) The person answering the telephone number required under subsection (1) shall provide a residential telephone subscriber calling the telephone number with information describing the organization or other person on whose behalf the telephone solicitation was made to the residential telephone subscriber and describing the telephone solicitation.
(3) A telephone solicitor shall not intentionally block or otherwise interfere with the caller ID function on the telephone of a residential telephone subscriber to whom a telephone solicitation is made so that the telephone number of the caller is not displayed on the telephone of the residential telephone subscriber.
History: Add. 2002, Act 612, Eff. Mar. 31, 2003
445.111c Unfair or deceptive act or practice; violation; penalty; damages.
Sec. 1c.
(1) It is an unfair or deceptive act or practice and a violation of this act for a telephone solicitor to do any of the following:
(a) Misrepresent or fail to disclose, in a clear, conspicuous, and intelligible manner and before payment is received from the consumer, all of the following information:
(i) Total purchase price to the consumer of the goods or services to be received.
(ii) Any restrictions, limitations, or conditions to purchase or to use the goods or services that are the subject of an offer to sell goods or services.
(iii) Any material term or condition of the seller's refund, cancellation, or exchange policy, including a consumer's right to cancel a home solicitation sale under section 2 and, if applicable, that the seller does not have a refund, cancellation, or exchange policy.
(iv) Any material costs or conditions related to receiving a prize, including the odds of winning the prize, and if the odds are not calculable in advance, the factors used in calculating the odds, the nature and value of a prize, that no purchase is necessary to win the prize, and the "no purchase required" method of entering the contest.
(v) Any material aspect of an investment opportunity the seller is offering, including, but not limited to, risk, liquidity, earnings potential, market value, and profitability.
(vi) The quantity and any material aspect of the quality or basic characteristics of any goods or services offered.
(vii) The right to cancel a sale under this act, if any.
(b) Misrepresent any material aspect of the quality or basic characteristics of any goods or services offered.
(c) Make a false or misleading statement with the purpose of inducing a consumer to pay for goods or services.
(d) Request or accept payment from a consumer or make or submit any charge to the consumer's credit or bank account before the telephone solicitor or seller receives from the consumer an express verifiable authorization. As used in this subdivision, "verifiable authorization" means a written authorization or confirmation, an oral authorization recorded by the telephone solicitor, or confirmation through an independent third party.
(e) Offer to a consumer in this state a prize promotion in which a purchase or payment is necessary to obtain the prize.
(f) Fail to comply with the requirements of section 1a or 1b.
(g) Make a telephone solicitation to a consumer in this state who has requested that he or she not receive calls from the organization or other person on whose behalf the telephone solicitation is made.
(h) While making a telephone solicitation, misrepresent in a message left for a consumer on his or her answering machine or voice mail that the consumer has a current business matter or transaction or a current business or customer relationship with the telephone solicitor or another person and request that the consumer call the telephone solicitor or another person to discuss that matter, transaction, or relationship.
(2) Except as provided in this subsection, beginning 210 days after the effective date of the amendatory act that added this section, a person who knowingly or intentionally violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by imprisonment for not more than 6 months or a fine of not more than $500.00, or both. This subsection does not prohibit a person from being charged with, convicted of, or punished for any other crime including any other violation of law arising out of the same transaction as the violation of this section. This subsection does not apply if the violation of this section is a failure to comply with the requirements of section 1a(1), (4), or (5) or section 1b.
(3) A person who suffers loss as a result of violation of this section may bring an action to recover actual damages or $250.00, whichever is greater, together with reasonable attorney fees. This subsection does not prevent the consumer from asserting his or her rights under this act if the telephone solicitation results in a home solicitation sale, or asserting any other rights or claims the consumer may have under applicable state or federal law.
History: Add. 2002, Act 612, Eff. Mar. 31, 2003 ;-- Am. 2006, Act 133, Imd. Eff. May 12, 2006
445.111d Do-not-call list; notice of description and enrollment; “telecommunication provider” defined.
Sec. 1d.
(1) Beginning 210 days after the effective date of the amendatory act that added this section, if a telephone directory includes residential telephone numbers, a person that publishes a new telephone directory shall include in the telephone directory a notice describing the do-not-call list and how to enroll on the do-not-call list.
(2) Beginning 210 days after the effective date of the amendatory act that added this section, each telecommunication provider that provides residential telephone service shall include a notice describing the do-not-call list and how to enroll on the do-not-call list with 1 of that telecommunication provider's bills for telecommunication services to a residential telephone subscriber each year. If the federal communication commission or any other federal agency establishes a federal "do not call" list, the notice shall also describe that list and how to enroll on that list. As used in this subsection, "telecommunication provider" means that term as defined in section 102 of the Michigan telecommunications act, 1991 PA 179, MCL 484.2102.
History: Add. 2002, Act 612, Eff. Mar. 31, 2003
445.111e Applicability of MCL 445.111a, 445.111b, 445.111c, and 445.111d.
Sec. 1e.
Sections 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d do not apply to a person subject to any of the following:
(a) The charitable organizations and solicitations act, 1975 PA 169, MCL 400.271 to 400.294.
(b) The public safety solicitation act, 1992 PA 298, MCL 14.301 to 14.327.
(c) Section 527 of the internal revenue code of 1986.
History: Add. 2002, Act 612, Eff. Mar. 31, 2003
445.112 Right of buyer to cancel home solicitation sale; time; notice of cancellation; restriction on right to cancel; sale subject to debtor's right to rescind.
Sec. 2.
(1) Except as provided in subsection (5), in addition to any right otherwise to revoke an offer, a buyer has the right to cancel a home solicitation sale until midnight of the third business day after the day on which the buyer signs an agreement or offer to purchase that complies with this act. The seller in a home solicitation sale shall not acquire payment by having an independent courier service or other third party pick up the buyer's payment at the buyer's residence until after the buyer's right-to-revoke period prescribed by this act has expired.
(2) Cancellation occurs when the buyer mails or delivers the notice of cancellation provided for in section 3(2) or any other written notice, or sends a telegram, to the seller at the address stated in the notice of cancellation.
(3) A notice of cancellation or other written notice, if mailed to the seller, is given when it is deposited in a mailbox properly addressed and postage prepaid.
(4) A written notice or telegram given by the buyer other than the notice of cancellation need not take a particular form and is sufficient if it indicates by any form of written expression the intention of the buyer not to be bound by the home solicitation sale.
(5) A buyer may not cancel a home solicitation sale if the buyer requests the seller to provide goods or services without delay because of an emergency, and all of the following conditions are met:
(a) The seller in good faith makes a substantial beginning of performance of the contract before the buyer gives notice of cancellation.
(b) The buyer furnishes the seller with a separate dated and signed personal statement in the buyer's handwriting describing the situation requiring immediate remedy and expressly acknowledging and waiving the right to cancel the sale within 3 business days.
(c) In the case of goods, the goods cannot be returned to the seller in substantially as good condition as when received by the buyer.
(6) If a home solicitation sale is also subject to the debtor's right to rescind certain transactions, the buyer may proceed either under those provisions or under this section.
History: 1971, Act 227, Imd. Eff. Jan. 3, 1972 ;-- Am. 1978, Act 152, Imd. Eff. May 18, 1978 ;-- Am. 2000, Act 15, Imd. Eff. Mar. 8, 2000
445.113 Written agreement or offer to purchase; contents; form; cancellation; exceptions; conditions.
Sec. 3.
(1) In a home solicitation sale, unless the buyer requests the seller to provide goods or services without delay in an emergency, the seller shall present to the buyer and obtain the buyer's signature to a written agreement or offer to purchase that designates as the date of the transaction the date on which the buyer actually signs.
The agreement or offer to purchase shall contain a statement substantially as follows in immediate proximity to the space reserved in the agreement or offer to purchase for the signature of the buyer:
"You, the buyer, may cancel this transaction at any time prior to midnight of the third business day after the date of this transaction. See the attached notice of cancellation form for an explanation of this right. Additionally, the seller is prohibited from having an independent courier service or other third party pick up your payment at your residence before the end of the 3-business-day period in which you can cancel the transaction."
(2) The seller shall attach to the copy or cause to be printed on the reverse side of the written agreement or offer to purchase retained by the buyer a notice of cancellation in duplicate that shall appear as follows:
"notice of cancellation
(enter date of transaction)
(date)
You may cancel this transaction, without any penalty or obligation, within 3 business days from the above date.
If you cancel, any property traded in, any payments made by you under the contract or sale, and any negotiable instrument executed by you will be returned within 10 business days following receipt by the seller of your cancellation notice, and any security interest arising out of the transaction will be canceled.
If you cancel, you must make available to the seller at your residence, in substantially as good condition as when received, any goods delivered to you under this contract or sale; or you may if you wish, comply with the instructions of the seller regarding the return shipment of the goods at the seller's expense and risk.
If you do make the goods available to the seller and the seller does not pick them up within 20 days of the date of your notice of cancellation, you may retain or dispose of the goods without any further obligation. If you fail to make the goods available to the seller or if you agree to return the goods to the seller and fail to do so, then you remain liable for performance of all obligations under the contract.
To cancel this transaction, mail or deliver a signed and dated copy of this cancellation notice or any other written notice, or send a telegram to (name of seller), at (address of seller's place of business) not later than midnight on
_________________________________
(date)
I hereby cancel this transaction.
_________________________________
(date)
____________________________
(buyer's signature) "
(3) The notices required by this section shall be in not less than 10-point bold type and shall be 2 points larger than the text of the contract. A written agreement or offer to purchase and the notice of cancellation attached to the agreement or offer shall be written in the same language as that used in any oral presentation that was given to facilitate sale of the goods or services. The seller shall enter on the blanks in the notice of cancellation the date of transaction, which is the date the buyer signs the written agreement, and the date for mailing the notice of cancellation. An error in entering this information shall not diminish the buyer's rights under this act.
(4) Until the seller has complied with this section, the buyer may cancel the home solicitation sale by notifying the seller in any manner and by any means of his or her intention to cancel.
(5) This section does not apply to a home solicitation sale where the seller engaged in a telephone solicitation of the sale if sections 505 to 507 of the Michigan telecommunications act, 1991 PA 179, MCL 484.2505 to 484.2507, apply to the solicitation or sale.
(6) This section does not apply to a home solicitation sale of natural gas or electricity if the seller is any of the following:
(a) An electric utility or gas utility that is regulated by the commission and complies with any orders or tariffs issued by the commission concerning home solicitations by alternative electric suppliers or alternative gas suppliers in making the solicitation.
(b) An alternative gas supplier or alternative electric supplier licensed by the commission that complies with any applicable orders or tariffs issued by the commission concerning home solicitations in making the solicitation.
History: 1971, Act 227, Imd. Eff. Jan. 3, 1972 ;-- Am. 1978, Act 152, Imd. Eff. May 18, 1978 ;-- Am. 2000, Act 15, Imd. Eff. Mar. 8, 2000 ;-- Am. 2002, Act 612, Eff. Mar. 31, 2003 ;-- Am. 2006, Act 138, Imd. Eff. May 12, 2006
445.114 Tender of payments or goods to buyer; failure to tender goods; effect of noncompliance.
Sec. 4.
(1) Except as provided in this section, within 10 days after a home solicitation sale has been canceled or an offer to purchase revoked the seller shall tender to the buyer any payments made by the buyer and any note or other evidence of indebtedness.
(2) If the down payment includes goods traded in, the goods shall be tendered in substantially as good condition as when received by the seller. If the seller fails to tender the goods as provided by this section, the buyer may elect to recover an amount equal to the trade-in allowance stated in the agreement.
(3) Until the seller has complied with the obligations imposed by this section the buyer may retain possession of goods delivered to him by the seller and has a lien on the goods in his possession or control for any recovery to which he is entitled.
History: 1971, Act 227, Imd. Eff. Jan. 3, 1972
445.115 Demand by seller for return of goods; care and availability of goods; effect of failure to demand return of goods; compensation for services performed.
Sec. 5.
(1) Except as provided by section 4(3), if a home solicitation sale has been canceled or an offer to purchase revoked, a seller may demand the return of goods delivered within 20 days after the cancellation or revocation. The buyer shall take good care of the goods and shall make the goods available for return to the seller at the buyer's residence. If the seller fails to demand return of the goods as prescribed in this subsection, the goods shall become the property of the buyer without obligation.
(2) If the seller has performed any services pursuant to a home solicitation sale before its cancellation, the seller is not entitled to compensation.
History: 1971, Act 227, Imd. Eff. Jan. 3, 1972 ;-- Am. 1978, Act 152, Imd. Eff. May 18, 1978
445.116 Refunds or penalties as set off or defense.
Sec. 6.
In connection with a home solicitation sale, refunds or penalties to which the debtor is entitled pursuant to this act may be set off against the debtor's obligation, and may be raised as a defense to an action on the obligation without regard to the time limitations prescribed by this act.
History: 1971, Act 227, Imd. Eff. Jan. 3, 1972 ;-- Am. 2002, Act 612, Eff. Mar. 31, 2003
445.117 Action for collection of home solicitation sale contract.
Sec. 7.
No person may bring any action in any court of this state for the collection of any home solicitation sale contract without proving that such person was at all times in compliance with this act.
History: 1971, Act 227, Imd. Eff. Jan. 3, 1972
MICHIGAN CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT (EXCERPT)
Act 331 of 1976
445.903 Unfair, unconscionable, or deceptive methods, acts, or practices in conduct of trade or commerce; rules; applicability of subsection (1)(hh).
Sec. 3.
(1) Unfair, unconscionable, or deceptive methods, acts, or practices in the conduct of trade or commerce are unlawful and are defined as follows:
(a) Causing a probability of confusion or misunderstanding as to the source, sponsorship, approval, or certification of goods or services.
(b) Using deceptive representations or deceptive designations of geographic origin in connection with goods or services.
(c) Representing that goods or services have sponsorship, approval, characteristics, ingredients, uses, benefits, or quantities that they do not have or that a person has sponsorship, approval, status, affiliation, or connection that he or she does not have.
(d) Representing that goods are new if they are deteriorated, altered, reconditioned, used, or secondhand.
(e) Representing that goods or services are of a particular standard, quality, or grade, or that goods are of a particular style or model, if they are of another.
(f) Disparaging the goods, services, business, or reputation of another by false or misleading representation of fact.
(g) Advertising or representing goods or services with intent not to dispose of those goods or services as advertised or represented.
(h) Advertising goods or services with intent not to supply reasonably expectable public demand, unless the advertisement discloses a limitation of quantity in immediate conjunction with the advertised goods or services.
(i) Making false or misleading statements of fact concerning the reasons for, existence of, or amounts of price reductions.
(j) Representing that a part, replacement, or repair service is needed when it is not.
(k) Representing to a party to whom goods or services are supplied that the goods or services are being supplied in response to a request made by or on behalf of the party, when they are not.
(l) Misrepresenting that because of some defect in a consumer's home the health, safety, or lives of the consumer or his or her family are in danger if the product or services are not purchased, when in fact the defect does not exist or the product or services would not remove the danger.
(m) Causing a probability of confusion or of misunderstanding with respect to the authority of a salesperson, representative, or agent to negotiate the final terms of a transaction.
(n) Causing a probability of confusion or of misunderstanding as to the legal rights, obligations, or remedies of a party to a transaction.
(o) Causing a probability of confusion or of misunderstanding as to the terms or conditions of credit if credit is extended in a transaction.
(p) Disclaiming or limiting the implied warranty of merchantability and fitness for use, unless a disclaimer is clearly and conspicuously disclosed.
(q) Representing or implying that the subject of a consumer transaction will be provided promptly, or at a specified time, or within a reasonable time, if the merchant knows or has reason to know it will not be so provided.
(r) Representing that a consumer will receive goods or services free or without charge, or using words of similar import in the representation, without clearly and conspicuously disclosing with equal prominence in immediate conjunction with the use of those words the conditions, terms, or prerequisites to the use or retention of the goods or services advertised.
(s) Failing to reveal a material fact, the omission of which tends to mislead or deceive the consumer, and which fact could not reasonably be known by the consumer.
(t) Entering into a consumer transaction in which the consumer waives or purports to waive a right, benefit, or immunity provided by law, unless the waiver is clearly stated and the consumer has specifically consented to it.
(u) Failing, in a consumer transaction that is rescinded, canceled, or otherwise terminated in accordance with the terms of an agreement, advertisement, representation, or provision of law, to promptly restore to the person or persons entitled to it a deposit, down payment, or other payment, or in the case of property traded in but not available, the greater of the agreed value or the fair market value of the property, or to cancel within a specified time or an otherwise reasonable time an acquired security interest.
(v) Taking or arranging for the consumer to sign an acknowledgment, certificate, or other writing affirming acceptance, delivery, compliance with a requirement of law, or other performance, if the merchant knows or has reason to know that the statement is not true.
(w) Representing that a consumer will receive a rebate, discount, or other benefit as an inducement for entering into a transaction, if the benefit is contingent on an event to occur subsequent to the consummation of the transaction.
(x) Taking advantage of the consumer's inability reasonably to protect his or her interests by reason of disability, illiteracy, or inability to understand the language of an agreement presented by the other party to the transaction who knows or reasonably should know of the consumer's inability.
(y) Gross discrepancies between the oral representations of the seller and the written agreement covering the same transaction or failure of the other party to the transaction to provide the promised benefits.
(z) Charging the consumer a price that is grossly in excess of the price at which similar property or services are sold.
(aa) Causing coercion and duress as the result of the time and nature of a sales presentation.
(bb) Making a representation of fact or statement of fact material to the transaction such that a person reasonably believes the represented or suggested state of affairs to be other than it actually is.
(cc) Failing to reveal facts that are material to the transaction in light of representations of fact made in a positive manner.
(dd) Subject to subdivision (ee), representing as the manufacturer of a product or package that the product or package is 1 or more of the following:
(i) Except as provided in subparagraph (ii), recycled, recyclable, degradable, or is of a certain recycled content, in violation of guides for the use of environmental marketing claims, 16 CFR part 260.
(ii) For container holding devices regulated under part 163 of the natural resources and environmental protection act, 1994 PA 451, MCL 324.16301 to 324.16303, degradable contrary to the definition provided in that act.
(ee) Representing that a product or package is degradable, biodegradable, or photodegradable unless it can be substantiated by evidence that the product or package will completely decompose into elements found in nature within a reasonably short period of time after consumers use the product and dispose of the product or the package in a landfill or composting facility, as appropriate.
(ff) Offering a consumer a prize if the consumer is required to submit to a sales presentation to claim the prize, unless a written disclosure is given to the consumer at the time the consumer is notified of the prize and the written disclosure meets all of the following requirements:
(i) Is written or printed in a bold type that is not smaller than 10-point.
(ii) Fully describes the prize, including its cash value, won by the consumer.
(iii) Contains all the terms and conditions for claiming the prize, including a statement that the consumer is required to submit to a sales presentation.
(iv) Fully describes the product, real estate, investment, service, membership, or other item that is or will be offered for sale, including the price of the least expensive item and the most expensive item.
(gg) Violating 1971 PA 227, MCL 445.111 to 445.117, in connection with a home solicitation sale or telephone solicitation, including, but not limited to, having an independent courier service or other third party pick up a consumer's payment on a home solicitation sale during the period the consumer is entitled to cancel the sale.
(hh) Except as provided in subsection (3), requiring a consumer to disclose his or her Social Security number as a condition to selling or leasing goods or providing a service to the consumer, unless any of the following apply:
(i) The selling, leasing, providing, terms of payment, or transaction includes an application for or an extension of credit to the consumer.
(ii) The disclosure is required or authorized by applicable state or federal statute, rule, or regulation.
(iii) The disclosure is requested by a person to obtain a consumer report for a permissible purpose described in section 604 of the fair credit reporting act, 15 USC 1681b.
(iv) The disclosure is requested by a landlord, lessor, or property manager to obtain a background check of the individual in conjunction with the rent or leasing of real property.
(v) The disclosure is requested from an individual to effect, administer or enforce a specific telephonic or other electronic consumer transaction that is not made in person but is requested or authorized by the individual if it is to be used solely to confirm the identity of the individual through a fraud prevention service database. The consumer good or service must still be provided to the consumer on verification of his or her identity if he or she refuses to provide his or her Social Security number but provides other information or documentation that can be used by the person to verify his or her identity. The person may inform the consumer that verification through other means than use of the Social Security number may cause a delay in providing the service or good to the consumer.
(ii) If a credit card or debit card is used for payment in a consumer transaction, issuing or delivering a receipt to the consumer that displays any part of the expiration date of the card or more than the last 4 digits of the consumer's account number. This subdivision does not apply if the only receipt issued in a consumer transaction is a credit card or debit card receipt on which the account number or expiration date is handwritten, mechanically imprinted, or photocopied. This subdivision applies to any consumer transaction that occurs on or after March 1, 2005, except that if a credit or debit card receipt is printed in a consumer transaction by an electronic device, this subdivision applies to any consumer transaction that occurs using that device only after 1 of the following dates, as applicable:
(i) If the electronic device is placed in service after March 1, 2005, July 1, 2005 or the date the device is placed in service, whichever is later.
(ii) If the electronic device is in service on or before March 1, 2005, July 1, 2006.
(jj) Violating section 11 of the identity theft protection act, 2004 PA 452, MCL 445.71.
(kk) Advertising or conducting a live musical performance or production in this state through the use of a false, deceptive, or misleading affiliation, connection, or association between a performing group and a recording group. This subdivision does not apply if any of the following are met:
(i) The performing group is the authorized registrant and owner of a federal service mark for that group registered in the United States Patent and Trademark Office.
(ii) At least 1 member of the performing group was a member of the recording group and has a legal right to use the recording group's name, by virtue of use or operation under the recording group's name without having abandoned the name or affiliation with the recording group.
(iii) The live musical performance or production is identified in all advertising and promotion as a salute or tribute and the name of the vocal or instrumental group performing is not so closely related or similar to that used by the recording group that it would tend to confuse or mislead the public.
(iv) The advertising does not relate to a live musical performance or production taking place in this state.
(v) The performance or production is expressly authorized by the recording group.
(ll) Violating section 3e, 3f, 3g, 3h, 3i, 3k, 3l, or 3m.
(2) The attorney general may promulgate rules to implement this act under the administrative procedures act of 1969, 1969 PA 306, MCL 24.201 to 24.328. The rules must not create an additional unfair trade practice not already enumerated by this section. However, to assure national uniformity, rules must not be promulgated to implement subsection (1)(dd) or (ee).
(3) Subsection (1)(hh) does not apply to either of the following:
(a) Providing a service related to the administration of health-related or dental-related benefits or services to patients, including provider contracting or credentialing. This subdivision is intended to limit the application of subsection (1)(hh) and is not intended to imply that this act would otherwise apply to health-related or dental-related benefits.
(b) An employer providing benefits or services to an employee.
History: 1976, Act 331, Eff. Apr. 1, 1977 ;-- Am. 1994, Act 46, Imd. Eff. Mar. 23, 1994 ;-- Am. 1994, Act 276, Imd. Eff. July 11, 1994 ;-- Am. 1996, Act 74, Imd. Eff. Feb. 26, 1996 ;-- Am. 1996, Act 226, Imd. Eff. May 30, 1996 ;-- Am. 2000, Act 14, Imd. Eff. Mar. 8, 2000 ;-- Am. 2002, Act 613, Imd. Eff. Dec. 20, 2002 ;-- 2004, Act 455, Eff. Mar. 1, 2005 ;-- 2004, Act 459, Eff. Mar. 1, 2005 ;-- 2004, Act 461, Eff. Mar. 1, 2005 ;-- 2004, Act 462, Eff. Mar. 1, 2005 ;-- Am. 2006, Act 508, Imd. Eff. Dec. 29, 2006 ;-- Am. 2008, Act 211, Eff. Nov. 1, 2008 ;-- Am. 2008, Act 310, Imd. Eff. Dec. 18, 2008 ;-- Am. 2010, Act 195, Imd. Eff. Oct. 5, 2010 ;-- Am. 2018, Act 211, Eff. Sept. 24, 2018 ;-- Am. 2020, Act 296, Eff. April 1, 2021 ;-- Am. 2021, Act 46, Eff. Mar. 30, 2022
Admin Rule: R 14.51 et seq. of the Michigan Administrative Code.
THE MICHIGAN PENAL CODE (EXCERPT)
Act 328 of 1931
750.540e Malicious use of service provided by telecommunications service provider.
Sec. 540e.
(1) A person is guilty of a misdemeanor who maliciously uses any service provided by a telecommunications service provider with intent to terrorize, frighten, intimidate, threaten, harass, molest, or annoy another person, or to disturb the peace and quiet of another person by any of the following:
(a) Threatening physical harm or damage to any person or property in the course of a conversation or message through the use of a telecommunications service or device.
(b) Falsely and deliberately reporting by message through the use of a telecommunications service or device that a person has been injured, has suddenly taken ill, has suffered death, or has been the victim of a crime or an accident.
(c) Deliberately refusing or failing to disengage a connection between a telecommunications device and another telecommunications device or between a telecommunications device and other equipment provided for the transmission of messages through the use of a telecommunications service or device.
(d) Using vulgar, indecent, obscene, or offensive language or suggesting any lewd or lascivious act in the course of a conversation or message through the use of a telecommunications service or device.
(e) Repeatedly initiating a telephone call and, without speaking, deliberately hanging up or breaking the telephone connection as or after the telephone call is answered.
(f) Making an unsolicited commercial telephone call that is received between the hours of 9 p.m. and 9 a.m. For the purpose of this subdivision, "an unsolicited commercial telephone call" means a call made by a person or recording device, on behalf of a person, corporation, or other entity, soliciting business or contributions.
(g) Deliberately engaging or causing to engage the use of a telecommunications service or device of another person in a repetitive manner that causes interruption in telecommunications service or prevents the person from utilizing his or her telecommunications service or device.
(2) A person violating this section may be imprisoned for not more than 6 months or fined not more than $1,000.00, or both. An offense is committed under this section if the communication either originates or terminates in this state and may be prosecuted at the place of origination or termination.
(3) As used in this section, "telecommunications", "telecommunications service", and "telecommunications device" mean those terms as defined in section 540c.
History: Add. 1969, Act 328, Eff. Mar. 20, 1970 ;-- Am. 1988, Act 395, Eff. Mar. 30, 1989 ;-- Am. 2002, Act 577, Eff. Nov. 1, 2002
For more information, see here: https://www.legislature.mi.gov/(S(gpl2hmvguw0vezftdx5iohqr))/mileg.aspx?page=getObject&objectName=mcl-Act-227-of-1971
AND
https://www.legislature.mi.gov/(S(gpl2hmvguw0vezftdx5iohqr))/mileg.aspx?page=getObject&objectName=mcl-445-903
AND
https://www.legislature.mi.gov/(S(54djjeeepwpzpn1xzbpdl4ka))/mileg.aspx?page=getobject&objectname=mcl-750-540e
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